Friday, 8 April 2016

Kenapa Imam Mazhab Tidak Pakai Hadits Bukhari dan Muslim?

Tahun Lahir Imam Mazhab dan Hadits
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Kenapa para Imam Mazhab seperti Imam Malik tidak memakai hadits Sahih Bukhari dan Sahih Muslim yang katanya merupakan 2 kitab hadits tersahih? Untuk tahu jawabannya, kita harus paham sejarah. Paham biografi tokoh2 tsb.
Imam Malik lahir tahun 93 Hijriyah. Sementara Imam Bukhari lahir tahun 196 H dan Imam Muslim lahir tahun 204 H. Artinya Imam Malik sudah ada 103 tahun sebelum Imam Bukhari lahir. Paham?
Apakah hadits para Imam Mazhab lebih lemah dari Sahih Bukhari dan Sahih Muslim?
Justru sebaliknya. Lebih kuat karena mereka lebih awal lahir daripada Imam Hadits tsb.
Rasulullah SAW bersabda, خَيْرُ النَّاسِ قَرْنِيْ ثُمَّ الَّذِيْنَ يَلُوْنَهُمْ ثُمَّ الَّذِيْنَ يَلُوْنَهُمْ “Sebaik-baik manusia adalah pada kurunku (Sahabat), kemudian yang sesudahnya (Tabi’in), kemudian yang sesudahnya (Tabi’ut Tabi’in).”[HR. Al-Bukhari no. 2652 dan Muslim no. 2533 ]
Siapakah pengikut ulama SALAF sebenarnya?
1) Imam Hanafi lahir:80 hijrah
2) Imam Maliki lahir: 93 hijrah
3) Imam Syafie lahir:150 hijrah
4) Imam Hanbali lahir:164 hijrah
Jadi kalau ada manusia akhir zaman yang berlagak jadi ahli hadits dgn menghakimi pendapat Imam Mazhab dgn Sahih Bukhari dan Sahih Muslim, ya keblinger. Hasil “ijtihad” mereka pun berbeda-beda satu sama lain…
Biar kata misalnya menurut Sahih Bukhari misalnya sholat Nabi begini2 dan beda dgn sholat Imam Mazhab, namun para Imam Mazhab seperti Imam Malik melihat langsung cara sholat puluhan ribu anak2 sahabat Nabi di Madinah. Anak2 sahabat ini belajar langsung ke Sahabat Nabi yang jadi bapak mereka. Jadi lebih kuat ketimbang 2-3 hadits yang diriwayatkan Imam Bukhari 100 tahun kemudian.
Imam Bukhari dan Imam Muslim pun meski termasuk pakar hadits paling top, tetap bermazhab. Mereka mengikuti mazhab Imam Syafi’ie. Ini adalah Imam Hadits yang mengikuti Mazhab Syafi’ie: Imam Bukhari, Imam Muslim, Imam Nasa’i, Imam Baihaqi, Imam Turmudzi, Imam Ibnu Majah, Imam Tabari, Imam Ibnu Hajar al-Asqalani, Imam Abu Daud, Imam Nawawi, Imam as-Suyuti, Imam Ibnu Katsir, Imam adz-Dzahabi, Imam al-Hakim.
Lho apa kita tidak boleh mengikuti hadits Shahih Bukhari, Shahih Muslim, dsb? Ya boleh sebagai pelengkap. Tapi jika ada hadits yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Imam Mazhab, yang kita pakai adalah ajaran Imam Mazhab. Bukan hadits tsb. Wong para Imam Hadits saja kan mengikuti Mazhab Syafi’ie? Tidak pakai hadits mereka sendiri?
Menurut Ustad Ahmad Sarwat, Lc., MA, banyak orang awam yang tersesat karena mendapatkan informasi yang sengaja disesatkan oleh kalangan tertentu yang penuh dengan rasa dengki dan benci. Menurut kelompok ini Imam Mazhab yang 4 itu kerjaannya cuma merusak agama dengan mengarang-ngarang agama dan menambah-nambahi seenaknya. Itulah fitnah kaum akhir zaman terhadap ulama salaf asli.
Padahal Imam Mazhab tsb menguasai banyak hadits. Imam Malik merupakan penyusun Kitab Hadits Al Muwaththo. Dengan jarak hanya 3 level perawi hadits ke Nabi, jelas jauh lebih murni ketimbang Sahih Bukhari yang jaraknya ke Nabi bisa 6-7 level. Begitu pula Imam Ahmad yang menguasai 750.000 hadits lebih dikenal sebagai Ahli Hadits ketimbang Imam Mazhab.
Ada tulisan bagus dari Ustad Ahmad Sarwat, Lc., MA, yaitu:

Penelitian Hadits Dilakukan Oleh Empat Imam Mazhab

Di antaranya Ustad Ahmad menulis bahwa para imam mazhab yang empat, Abu Hanifah, Malik, Asy-Syafi’i dan Ahmad bin Hanbal, sama sekali tidak pernah menggunakan hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim. Kenapa?
Pertama, karena mereka lahir jauh sebelum Bukhari (194-265 H) dan Muslim (204-261 H) dilahirkan. Sementara Imam Malik wafat sebelum Imam Bukhari lahir. Begitu pula saat Imam Syafi’ie wafat, Imam Bukhari baru berumur 8 tahun sementara Imam Muslim baru lahir. Tidak mungkin kan para Imam Mazhab tsb berpegang pada Kitab Hadits yang belum ada pada zamannya?
Kedua, menurut Ustad Ahmad, karena keempat imam mazhab itu merupakan pakar hadits paling top di zamannya. Tidak ada ahli hadits yang lebih baik dari mereka.
Ketiga, karena keempat imam mazhab itu hidup di zaman yang lebih dekat ke Rasulullah SAW dibanding Imam Bukhari dan Imam Muslim, maka hadits mereka lebih kuat dan lebih terjamin keasliannya ketimbang di masa-masa berikutnya.
Dalam teknologi, makin ke depan makin maju. Komputer, laptop, HP, dsb makin lama makin canggih. Tapi kalau hadits Nabi, justru makin dekat ke Nabi makin murni. Jika menjauh dari zamannya, justru makin tidak murni, begitu tulis Ustad Ahmad Sarwat.
Keempat, justru Imam Bukhari dan Muslim malah bermazhab Syafi’ie. Karena hadits yang mereka kuasai jumlahnya tidak memadai untuk menjadi Imam Mazhab. Imam Ahmad berkata untuk jadi mujtahid, selain hafal Al Qur’an juga harus menguasai minimal 500.000 hadits. Nah hadits Sahih yang dibukukan Imam Bukhari cuma 7000-an. Sementara Imam Muslim cuma 9000-an. Tidak cukup.
Ada beberapa tokoh yang anti terhadap Mazhab Fiqih yang 4 itu kemudian mengarang-ngarang sebuah nama mazhab khayalan yang tidak pernah ada dalam sejarah, yaitu mazhab “Ahli Hadits”. Seolah2 jika tidak bermazhab Ahli Hadits berarti tidak pakai hadits. Meninggalkan hadits. Seolah2 para Imam Mazhab tidak menggunakan hadits dalam mazhabnya. Padahal mazhab ahli hadits itu adalah mazhab para ulama peneliti hadits untuk mengetahui keshahihan hadits dan bukan dalam menarik kesimpulan hukum (istimbath).
Kalaulah benar pernah ada mazhab ahli hadits yang berfungsi sebagai metodologi istimbath hukum, lalu mana ushul fiqihnya? Mana kaidah-kaidah yang digunakan dalam mengistimbath hukum? Apakah cuma sekedar menggunakan sistem gugur, bila ada dua hadits, yang satu kalah shahih dengan yang lain, maka yang kalah dibuang?
Lalu bagimana kalau ada hadits sama-sama dishahihkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim, tetapi isinya bertentangan dan bertabrakan tidak bisa dipertemukan?
Imam Syafi’ie membahas masalah kalau ada beberapa hadits sama-sama shahihnya tetapi matannya saling bertentangan, apa yang harus kita lakukan? Beliau menulis kaidah itu dalam kitabnya : Ikhtilaful Hadits yang fenomenal.
Cuma baru tahu suatu hadits itu shahih, pekerjaan melakukan istimbath hukum belum selesai. Meneliti keshahihan hadits baru langkah pertama dari 23 langkah dalam proses istimbath hukum, yang hanya bisa dilakukan oleh para mujtahid.
Entah orientalis mana yang datang menyesatkan, tiba-tiba muncul generasi yang awam agama dan dicuci otaknya, dengan lancang menuduh keempat imam mazhab itu sebagai  bodoh  dalam ilmu hadits. Hadits shahih versi Bukhari dibanding-bandingkan secara zahir dengan pendapat keempat mazhab, seolah-olah pendapat mazhab itu buatan manusia dan hadits shahih versi Bukhari itu datang dari Allah yang sudah pasti benar. Padahal cuma Al Qur’an yang dijamin kebenarannya. Hadits sahih secara sanad, belum tentu sahih secara matan. Meski banyak hadits yang mutawattir secara sanad, sedikit sekali hadits yang mutawattir secara matan. Artinya susunan kalimat atau katanya sama persis.
Orang-orang awam dengan seenaknya menyelewengkan ungkapan para imam mazhab itu dari maksud aslinya : “Bila suatu hadits itu shahih, maka itulah mazhabku”. Kesannya, para imam mazhab itu tidak paham dengan hadits shahih,  lalu menggantungkan mazhabnya kepada orang-orang yang hidup dua tiga abad sesudahnya.
Padahal para ulama mazhab itu menolak suatu pendapat, karena menurut mereka hadits yang mendasarinya itu tidak shahih. Maka pendapat itu mereka tolak sambil berkata,”Kalau hadits itu shahih, pasti saya pun akan menerima pendapat itu. Tetapi berhubung hadits itu tidak shahih menurut saya, maka saya tidak menerima pendapat itu”. Yang bicara bahwa hadits itu tidak shahih adalah profesor ahli hadits, yaitu para imam mazhab sendiri. Maka wajar kalau mereka menolaknya.
Tetapi lihat pengelabuhan dan penyesatan dilakukan secara terstruktur, sistematis dan masif. Digambarkan seolah-olah seorang Imam Asy-Syafi’i itu tokoh idiot yang tidak mampu melakukan penelitian hadits sendiri, lalu kebingungan dan menyerah menutup mukanya sambil bilang,”Saya punya mazhab tapi saya tidak tahu haditsnya shahih apa tidak, jadi kita tunggu saja nanti kalau-kalau ada orang yang ahli dalam bidang hadits. Nah, mazhab saya terserah kepada ahli hadits itu nanti ya”.
Dalam hayalan mereka, para imam mazhab berubah jadi badut pandir yang tolol dan bloon. Bisanya bikin mazhab tapi tidak tahu hadits shahih. Sekedar meneliti hadits apakah shahih atau tidak, mereka tidak tahu. Dan lebih pintar orang di zaman kita sekarang, cukup masuk perpustakaan dan tiba-tiba bisa mengalahkan imam mazhab.
Cara penyesatan dan merusak Islam dari dalam degan modus seperti ini ternyata nyaris berhasil. Coba perhatikan persepsi orang-orang awam di tengah kita. Rata-rata mereka benci dengan keempat imam mazhab, karena dikesankan sebagai orang bodoh dalam hadits dan kerjaanya cuma menambah-nambahi agama.
Parahnya, setiap ada tradisi dan budaya yang sesat masuk ke dalam tubuh umat Islam, seperti percaya dukun, tahayyul, khurafat, jimat, dan berbagai aqidah sesat, sering diidentikkan dengan ajaran mazhab. Seolah mazhab fiqih itu gudangnya kesesatan dan haram kita bertaqlid kepada ulama mazhab.
Sebaliknya, orang yang harus diikuti adalah para ahli hadits, karena mereka itulah yang menjamin keshahihan hadits.
Ahmad Sarwat, Lc., MA
Baca selengkapnya di:
Menurut Ustad Ahmad Sarwat Lc, MA,  Hadits di zaman Imam Bukhari yang hidup di abad 3 Hijriyah saja sudah cukup panjang jalurnya. Bisa 6-7 level perawi hingga ke Nabi. Sementara jalur hadits Imam Malik cuma 3 level perawi. Secara logika sederhana, yang 3 level itu jelas lebih murni ketimbang yang 6 level.
Jika Imam Bukhari hidup zaman sekarang di abad 15 Hijriyah, haditsnya bisa melewati 40-50 level perawi. Sudah tidak murni lagi. Beda 3 level saja bisa kurang murni. Apalagi yang beda 50 level.
Jadi Imam Bukhari dan Imam Muslim bukan satu2nya penentu hadits Sahih. Sebelum mereka pun ada jutaan ahli hadits yang bisa jadi lebih baik seperti Imam Malik dan Imam Ahmad karena jarak mereka ke Nabi lebih dekat.

 Sumber https://kabarislamia.com/2015/04/09/kenapa-imam-mazhab-tidak-pakai-hadits-bukhari-dan-muslim/

Saturday, 2 April 2016

How Old Was Ayesha at Marriage to Muhammad?

HELP! I am 9th grade student of Catholic school here in Karachi, Pakistan.
Help us please! We have been given assignment: "Why did Muhammad marry an immature, little 6 year old girl?"
The teachers here at St. Patrick's Church of course, they are not Muslims and they are giving us this assignment to explain something we don't know anything about.
Here is the question they gave to us girls.
Answer this question in detail: Why did Mohamed marry a little girl (Ayesha) when she was only an immature girl of 5 or 6 years old?
 
Let's start at the beginning and put this all in perspective.
First of all, not all questions are true questions. Sometime people put statements in the questions that are not true.
Therefore, we have to clarify some facts before we go any further:
"Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, did not marry Ayesha when she was an immature little girl."
Also check out other "Harsh Questions" about Muhammad (peace be upon him).



First, consider the source of information. What we know of the relationship between Aisha and Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, is coming directly from Aisha herself. So this is the place to start.
We know that she is one of the major narrators of ahadeeth (traditions, narrations and stories of the prophet, peace be upon him). According to scholars count, she has narrated over 2,200 authentic traditions, more than many of the companions of Muhammad, peace be upon him.
Her parents offered their daughter in marriage to Muhammad, peace be upon him, as was customary in their culture at the time.
However, the prophet, peace be upon him, did not accept this and they waited a a few of years, and then again offered their daughter to him in marriage.
From the hadeeth narrated by Aisha herself, it appears she was at the age of 6 when her mother came to her while she was playing outside.
Her mother took her into their home where her father, who was a life long best friend of Muhammad, was sitting with the prophet, peace be upon him, and the offer of marriage was being discussed.
She then tells us she went back outside. This was at the age of six.
Cleary she was offered to him in marriage, but obviously it was not accepted until some years later, when she again narrates a similar incident and at that time she was married to the prophet, peace be upon him.
She tells us they had consumated the marriage when she was old enough and ready (and she tells us she was very pleased about the whole entire thing).
So, if she is having no problem with any of this, then who is complaining?
What is wrong with some people, that they superimpose their hangups and personal issues with other people, supposing what they would do in similar cases is what they think everyone would do.
We have to understand Islam is all about the worship of only one God, and not making any partners with Him in worship. That is the focus of Islam.
Next, we have to understand that Islam is all about "Rights and Limits".
The Quran clarifies what everyone's rights are and what the limits are as well.

At the time of this occurance, women around the world had very little or no rights in those days and the men knew no limits in their dealings with the women.
One of the problems was that a man could marry off his daughter at any age and she could not refuse.
It was at that time when Allah revealed the verse in the fourth chapter of the Quran, entitled "The Women" to offer protection for women in such circumstances.
It was through this matrimony of marriage to the prophet, peace be upon him, that we found the example of the meaning of the limitations set forth by Almighty God (Allah) in His Quran.
ayeshas marriage ageRead:
"O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will."
Surah An-Nisaa' (Chapter 4:19)


Let's go over the information in more detail:
First of all, it was not Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, who asked to marry Ayesha, may Allah be pleased with her.
It was Ayesha's mother and father who offered Ayesha in marriage to the prophet, peace be upon him.
And it was not the first time they had offered her in marriage. Ayesha had already been "engaged" previously and they had offered her in marriage to the prophet on more than one occasion.
One time when Ayesha was around six years old, her mother summoned her into the house where she heard the proposal of marriage being offered, by her father to his life long friend, Muhammad, peace be upon him.
[Please note: it is her father offering the marriage to his lifelong friend (Muhammad, peace be upon him)]
This was the custom of the Arabs in those days.
However, Muhammad, peace be upon him, did not accept this offer at that time, even though it was customary for them.
Ayesha says she returned back outside to her friends.
So she did not marry him.
A few years later, when she was old enough to marry according to Islam (she was able to bear children) she did accept the proposal of marriage and she did marry the prophet, peace be upon him.
We learn that the girl must be old enough to have children and to be able to determine what her will is.
The prophet, peace be upon him, married her at the youngest age a girl can get married.
That is, she was old enough to be considered eligible for marriage and having enough wisdom to make such a choice even at her young age.
Also, she was a virgin. This was to show Muslims about how to treat the young girls when they get married and not to rush into having sex with them until they are ready and fully prepared.
All of this is recorded in the hadeeths narrated by Ayesha herself in regard to the treatment that she received from the prophet, peace be upon him.
Now we call attention to something very interesting about the subject of adultry and what some people accused Aisha of doing while married to the prophet, peace be upon him.
As a reward for her commitment to Allah and to Islam, Allah honored her in surah an-Nur by clearing her of any suspicion of illegal sex with a companion, as some liars had charged against her.
There were ten verses revealed in regard to this incident alone about Ayesha.
Surah An-Nur (chapter 24, verses 11 - 21)
"Surely, Those who brought forth the slander (against Ayesha) are a group among you. Consider it not a bad thing for you.
No - it is good for you.
Every man among them will be paid that which he has earned of the sin, and as for him among them who had the greater share in it, his will be a great torment.
Why then, didn't you (the) believeing men and the believing women, when you heard it (the slander) think good of your own people and say, "This is an obvious lie"
Why didn't they produce four eye witnesses? Since they have not produced witnesses, then for Allah, they are liars.
Had it not been for the Grace of Allah and His Mercy unto you (those who did not defend Ayesha) in this world and in the Hereafter, a great torment would have touched you for that whereof you had spoken.
When you were propogating it (the lie) with your tongues and uttering with your mouths something of which you had no knowledge, you considered it a small thing, while with Allah - it was very great.
And when you heard it, why didn't you say, "It is not right for us to speak of this. Glory be to You (O Allah) this is a great lie"
Allah forbids you from it and warns you not to repeat the like of this forever, if you are believers."
These verses make it clear for believers.
We must never engage in accusing anyone of adultry or fornication, without being an actual eyewitness to such an act. Even then, it requires four eyewitnesses, all at the same time.
Spreading such tales around is nothing but the worst kind of slander and it will be a source of punishment for those who do so.

Ayesha was also given the distinct title of  Ummul Mu'mineen (Mother of the Believers) even though she never had a single child. Allah has honored her so much for her patience and dedication.
Again, it is Ayesha herself, may Allah be pleased with her, who tells us in her own words all about the offers of marriage from her father to the prophet, peace be upon him, and of the actual marriage when it did take place years later.
She also describes in glowing terms their engagement, marriage, life together and life after his death - all in the best of terms.
Ayesha never said a single bad thing against her husband and described him as the best of men and the example of the Quran itself.
She learned from him and passed on the most valuable knowledge of family relations in general and marriage in particular through her explanation of her own relationship of our prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
She tells of running races and playing together, enjoying sporting and competition events together, and mentions her personal intimacy with prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, in the most wonderful terms.
Her advice and instructions to both men and women regarding establishing and maintaining the best relationship between man and wife is still the best of counsel we find today.
As noted above, even Allah the Creator and Sustainer of the universe, has defended her honor and integrity in His Book.
Ayesha gave a beautiful account of marriage to the prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
She mentioned the detailed descriptions of events and happenings before and during their marriage.
And very important - she demonstrated here continued commitment to the memory of her husband, peace be upon him, and her firm belief about being reunited with him in the Paradise.
You could really say about their story - "..and they all lived happily ever after - in Paradise."
This represents the very best of marriages between a man and a woman in human history.

COMPARED TO ROMEO AND JULIET

Now let's Compare the English Classic of William Shakespere's "Romeo And Juliet" to the story of "Muhammad and Aisha"

William Shakespeare might have done the western world a much better service if, instead of telling a story of two young teenagers sneaking around behind their parents backs, having an affair, then when they couldn't get what they wanted, both committed suicide.
(by the way, according to Judaism, Christianity and Islam - they both go to Hell forever)

Shakespere could have done the world a much better service by telling the true story of "Muhammad and Aisha" ~
These were real people, who did believe in the One God of Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus (peace be upon them), they lived blessed lives on earth and will live beautiful lives in Paradise - "Happily ever after" (really!)

Source :http://www.islamnewsroom.com/news-we-need/23-how-old-was-ayesha-at-marriage-to-muhammad